16 Catatan Tentang RUU PKS Versi BALEG DPR-RI
Penulis : Nunuk Parwati Songki
Makassar, Cakrawalaide.com- Lembaga Bantuan Hukum (LBH) Jakarta melaksanakan Siaran Pers menanggapi soal penyusunan draf Rancangan Undang-Undang Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual (RUU PKS) yang dilakukan oleh Badan Legislasi Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia (BALEG DPR-RI), Kamis, (02/09/2021).
Berdasarkan draf RUU PKS versi BALEG DPR-RI yang terbit pada tanggal 31 Agustus 2021, LBH Jakarta menyoroti ketentuan yang ‘hilang’ dan ‘kurang’ sehingga mengakibatkan perlindungan terhadap korban kekerasan seksual semakin jauh dari rasa keadilan juga kepastian hukum. Selain itu, hal tersebut membuat pertanyaan kepada pembuat kebijakan, mau kemana korban meminta perlindungan, serta penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku kekerasan seksual.
Rapat pleno yang dilakukan pada Selasa, 31 Agustus, LBH Jakarta memberikan 16 catatan penting terhadap draf RUU PKS versi BALEG DPR-RI. Pertama, hilangnya asas dan tujuan pembentukan undang-undang membuat arah penghapusan kekerasan seksual menjadi tidak jelas. Seharusnya terdaapat asas penghargaan atas harkat dan martabat manusia. Selain itu, tidak terdapat tujuan dibentuknya dalam draf RUU PKS seperti mencegah segala bentuk kekerasan seksual, menangani, melindungi dan memulihkan korban, menindak pelaku dan mewujudkan lingkungan yang bebas dari kekerasan seksual.
Kedua, dihapusnya tindak pidana perbudakan seksual. Menurut Laporan Pemantauan Yayasan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Indonesia (YLBHI) dan 17 LBH se-Indonesia, tercatat 5 kasus perbudakan seksual selama tahun 2020. Selain menumbuhkan trauma berkepanjangan, korban juga mengalami penderitaan berat dari segala aspek.
Ketiga, dihapusnya tindak pidana pemaksaan perkawinan. Perkawinan anak dan pemaksaan perkawinan merupakan bentuk kekerasan terhadap gender yang telah berdampak secara kerugian fisik, mental atau seksual. Menghilangkan jenis tindak kekerasan ini juga meletigimasi pemaksaan perkawinan korban kekerasan seksual dengan pelaku, tidak memberi rasa aman, menghambat pemulihan dan berpotensi keberulangan.
Keempat, ketentuan mengenai pemaksaan aborsi dihilangkan. Laporan YLBHI dan 17 LBH se-Indonesia, terdapat 7 korban pemaksaan aborsi selama tahun 2020. Lalu catatan Komnas Perempuan, tercatat 9 korban selama tahun 2020. Oleh karena itu, RUU PKS harus mengakomodir penjatuhan pidana terhadap orang yang memaksa melakukan aborsi. Selanjutnya, sebagai upaya perlindungan, RUU PKS juga penting menegaskan “tidak mempidana” korban pemaksaan abosris, aborsi karena kedaruratan medis, dan aborsi karena kehamilan akibat kekerasan seksual.
Kelima, tidak adanya tindak pidana pemaksaan pelacuran. Ketentuan ini perlu didorong agar korban pemaksaan pelacuran dilindungi, bukan malah dipidana. Kerap kali, korban berada dala posisi relasi kuasa yang timpang sehingga sangat rentan menjadi korban eksploitasi seksual maupun ekonomi.
Keenam, pengubahan nomenklatur tindak pidana perkosaan menjadi pemaksaan hubungan seksual telah mereduksi pemaknaan atas tindakan perkosaan itu sendiri. konsekuensi logis atas perubahan ini adalah akan mempersulit korban perkosaan karena pembuktian terbatas pada adanya penetrasi penis ke vagina denga kata lain terbatas pada pembuktian fisik akibat tindakan penetrasi tersebut.
Ketujuh, tidak dimuatnya tindak pidana kekerasan berbasis gender online. Tercatat 52 kasus Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online (KBGO) yang diterima 17 LBH se-Indonesia sepanjang tahun 2020. Sementara Catatan Tahunan Komnas Perempuan mencatat sebanyak 970 kasus KBGO di tahun 2020. Konsekuensi logis bahwa denga tidak mengatur tindak pidana KBGO, maka dapat dipastikan pula nihilnya penanganan, perlindungan serta pemulihan bagi korban.
Kedelapan, menyamakan unsur kekerasan seksual terhadap korban dewasa dan anak. Padahal, jika korban adalah anak tidak perlu lagi memenuhi seluruh unsur “adanya tindak kekerasan, ancaman kekerasan, penyalahgunaan kekuasaan, penyesatan, penipuan, ketidakberdayaan, atau tanpa persetujuan” karena pada dasarnya anak tidak dalam kapasitas/kemampuan dan tidak dapat memberikan persetujuan secara sadar.
Kesembilan, tidak diaturnya pidana berupa tindakan bagi pelaku. Sanksi pidana pada umumnya tidak dapat memastikan adanya lingkungan yang aman pasca terpidana selesai menjalani hukuman.
Kesepuluh, tidak adanya perlindungan khusus bagi korban dengan disabilitas. Dalam laporan YLBHI dan 17 LBH se-Indonesia, terdapat 6 korban dengan disabilitas selama tahun 2020, dan dalam penegakkan hukum kasus kekerasan seksual korban disabilitas mendapatkan penanganan diskriminatif. RUU PKS harus memenuhi seluruh kebutuhan korban dengan disabilitas, salah satunya aksesibilitas.
Kesebelas, hilangnya pengaturan yang mewajibkan pemerintah dalam pemenuhan hak korban adalah bukti nyata negara lari dari tanggung jawab. Apabila draf RUU PKS versi BALEG DPR-RI ini disahkan, maka nyata negara gagal memenuhi prinsip dasar tanggung jawab HAM untuk menjalankan kewajiban dalam menghormati, melindungi, dan memenuhi has asasi.
Kedua belas, tidak diaturnya hak-hak korban, keluarga korban, saksi dan ahli membuat mereka berada dalam posisi rentan ketika menjalani proses penegakan hukum. Padahal, salah satu tujuan utama RUU PKS dibentuk adalah untuk melindungi korban yang selama ini tidak diatur kompherensif dalam peraturan manapun.
Ketiga belas, tidak adanya kewajiban Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu (PPT) untuk melindungi dan memenuhi hak-hak korban. Tidak diaturnya kewajiban PPT akan membuat pemenuhan serta perlindungan korban terombang-ambing.
Keempat belas, arah upaya pencegahan tidak diatur secara kompherensif dalam draf sehingga tindakan preventif yang seharusnya menjadi perhatian serius menjadi terabaikan. Upaya pencegahan kekerasal seksual tidak terintegrasi diantara eksekutif, yudikatif dan legislatif dalam draf RUU PKS versi BALEG DPR-RI.
Kelima belas, tidak dimuatnya larangan Aparat Penegak Hukum (APH) melakukan tindakan diskriminatif dalam proses penegakkan hukum tindak kekerasan seksual sama halnya mengamini status quo yang tidak berpihak pada korban.
Keenam belas, menghilangkan peran paralegal sebagai pendamping korban kekerasan seksual. Nihilnya pengaturan peran paralegal sebagai pendamping korban kekerasan seksual dalam proses litigasi maupun non-litigasi telah mengkerdilkan peran paralegal yang selama ini banyak mendukung upaya penghapusan kekerasan seksual.
Berdasarkan beberapa catatan diatas didapati bahwa draf RUU PKS versi BALEG DPR-RI belum mengakomodir secara keseluruhan segala upaya untuk menghapus kekerasan seksual, sehingga LBH Jakarta menuntut 3 (tiga) hal; Pertama, Badan Legislatif DPR-RI memasukan catatan LBH Jakarta agar dirumuskan untuk diatur menjadi pasal demi pasal ke dalam draf RUU PKS; kedua, Badan Legislatif DPR-RI segera membuka seluas-luasnya ruang partisipasi public dengan melibatkan secara aktif korban, pendamping, kelompok masyarakat, dan ahli yang konsisten mendorong pencegahan dan penghapusan kekerasan seksual untuk merumuskan kebijakan pasal demi pasal terhadap RUU PKS; ketiga Badan Legislasi DPR-RI mendengarkan, mempertimbangkan dan mengimplementasikan masukan yang kompherensif dari belbagai kalangan yang mempunyai visi besar untuk mencegah serta menghapuskan kekerasan seksual melalui RUU PKS.
Redaktur : Nurul Waqiah Mustaming
ilustrasi: merdeka.com
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