Memanusiakan Manusia Papua
Penulis : Mansyur
“Tugas seorang manusia adalah menjadi manusia,” Multatuli
Nukilan di atas entah mengapa tiba-tiba terlintas begitu saja ketika menyaksikan tayangan Mata Najwa yang bertajuk “Nyala Papua” di salah satu stasiun TV nasional (Trans 7). Mata Najwa merupakan acara talkshow yang bisa dibilang populer di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia, tentunya yang dipandu oleh jurnalis senior dengan gaya yang khas, cerdas, dan begitu lugas Najwa Shihab.
Dalam acara Mata Najwa tersebut hadir 5 orang narasumber, diantaranya adalah Lukas Enembe selaku Gubernur Papua, Lenis Kogoya yang merupakan Staf Khusus Presiden kelompok kerja Papua, Yusuf Sakawi seorang akademisi dari Universitas Papua, Ahmad Taufan sebagai Ketua Komnas HAM, dan Sekjend Federasi Kontras, Andy Junaedi.
Dalam suatu segmen, Lukas Enembe mengutarakan dirinya sangat kecewa dengan perlakuan rasis masyarakat Indonesia (di luar Papua) terhadap mahasiswa asal Papua di asrama Surabaya. Menurutnya meski sudah 74 tahun Indonesia merdeka dari kolonialisme Belanda, tapi malah mengulangi kolonialisme itu di Papua.
“Ini sama seperti era kolonial. Apa bedanya? Ini sama saja kolonialisme,” tuturnya.
Masyarakat Papua menurut Lukas Enembe tidak terima atas pengepungan asrama mahasiswa Papua di Surabaya dan perlakuan diskriminatif oleh ormas dan beberapa oknum aparat.
Mereka (mahasiswa Papua) dicaci, diteriaki ‘monyet’ dan diminta keluar dari asrama yang merupakan rumah mereka sendiri, disuruh bertanggung jawab hanya karena dituduh melakukan perusakan bendera. Selain itu, 43 mahasiswa Papua digelandang ke Mapolres Surabaya untuk diperiksa terkait dugaan tersebut, tengah malamnya mereka dipulangkan karena tidak ada bukti. Inilah yang memicu lautan manusia bergerak melakukan unjuk rasa di Papua dan di beberapa tempat turut bersolidaritas.
“Bagaimana bisa hadir rasa ke-Indonesiaan di hati orang Papua. Makanya saya sempat bilang, saya lepas tangan kalau masyarakat Papua menuntut merdeka,” tegas Lukas Enembe
Kemudian, Staf khusus Pesiden Kelompok Kerja Papua menjelaskan bahwa Jokowi telah mencoba memberikan yang terbaik untuk Papua, salah satunya dengan lewat pembangunan infrastuktur. Hal ini langsung ditanggapi oleh Sekjen Federasi Kontras dengan mengatakan orang Papua tidak butuh pembangunan infrastuktur itu.
“Pembangunan itu penting, perlu, tetapi bagaimana proses perencanaan pembangunan dan implementasi pembangunan itu dilakukan dengan mengedepankan kemanusiaan. Jakarta belum melihat Papua dengan pendekatan itu,” ujar Andy Juanedi.
Menurutnya Papua punya sejarah kemanusiaan yang panjang, isu separatisme dan rasialisme bukan tiba-tiba saja muncul.
“Pelanggaran HAM berat seringkali terjadi di Papua dan tidak terselesaikan,” ujarnya.
Senada dengan itu, Gubernur Papua, Lukas Enembe mengungkapkan bahwa orang Papua bukan membutuhkan pembangunan, tapi butuh kehidupan.
Multatuli dan Gagasannya dalam Max Havelaar
Sejak integrasi bangsa Papua Barat ke dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia tahun 1963, saat itulah penjajahan digelar terhadap bangsa Papua, ras melanesia. Berbagai pelanggaran hak asasi manusia (HAM) pun terjadi sebagai respons terhadap aksi-aksi perlawanan bangsa Papua Barat yang menuntut kemerdekaan.
Aksi-aksi sebagai protes terhadap pelanggaran hak menentukan nasib sendiri yang melibatkan masyarakat internasional [Baca : Perjanjian New York Agreement] berdampak pada pembantaiaan ribuan manusia, adapula yang ditangkap dan dipenjarakan secara sewenang-wenang dan mendapat penyiksaan, perempuan- perempuan diperkosa. Semua itu dilakukan dengan dalih keamanan nasional dan pembangunan. Sebagaimana dikutip dari suarapapua.com, mulai sejak kasus ‘Biak Berdarah Juli 1998’, ‘Insiden Merauke Oktober 1999’, ‘Timika Berdarah Desember 1999’, ‘Insiden Nabire Februari/Maret 2000’, sampai ‘Insiden Sorong Agustus 2000’ dan akan terjadi perstiwa-peristiwa berdarah serupa jika situasi tidak berubah.
Kelamnya penindasan manusia terhadap manusia tersebut mengingatkan kita pada sosok lelaki Belanda, Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820-1887), dengan nama pena Multatuli. Ia merupakan mantan Asisten Residen di Lebak, Banten pada masa Hindia Belanda.
Multatuli adalah seseorang yang sangat memuliakan manusia melalui karya tulisnya berupa novel Max Havelaar.
Dalam novel Max Havelaar, mengisahkan bagaimana penindasan dan ketidakadilan penguasa kolonial bahkan pribumi sendiri terhadap rakyat kecil di Lebak, Banten.
Salah satu pengagum Multatuli adalah sastrawan terkemuka dengan karyanya Tetralogi Pulau Buru, Pramoedya Ananta Toer yang kemudian disebut Pram (1925-2006). Mengutip sang legenda sastra tersebut, “Seorang politikus yang tidak mengenal Multatuli praktis tidak mengenal arti humanisme, humanitas secara modern. Dan politikus yang tidak mengenal Multatuli bisa menjadi politikus kejam. Pertama, karena dia tidak kenal sejarah Indonesia. Kedua, karena dia tak mengenal peri kemanusiaan.”
Pram amat meyakini bahwa Multatuli punya jasa yang besar kepada bangsa Indonesia, karena menurutnya dengan membaca Max Havelaar telah menyadarkan rakyat bahwasanya mereka tengah dijajah oleh bangsa asing. Dimana sebelumnya di bawah pengaruh ‘Jawanisme’, kebanyakan orang Indonesia bahkan tidak merasa bahwa mereka sedang dijajah. Kesadaran itu pada akhirnya melahirkan pergerakan yang berujung pada kemerdekaan.
Saya rasa hari ini banyak orang Indonesia terkhusus para pemangku jabatan yang belum mengenal Multatuli, seorang Belanda yang justru menentang perlakuan tidak adil oleh bangsanya sendiri terhadap bangsa lain.
Max Havelaar yang amat berpengaruh itu, masih relevan untuk dibaca sampai saat ini. Juga perlu untuk disadari bahwa kini bangsa Indonesia adalah penjajah bangsa Papua Barat.
Bisakah kita sebagai orang Indonesia membuang jauh-jauh mental penjajah itu lalu mengedepankan keadilan dan kemanusiaan kita untuk kemerdekaan bangsa Papua Barat serupa yang dilakukan Multatuli? Beranikah kita ikut memperjuangkan penentuan nasib sendiri bagi Papua Barat lewat referendum sebagai solusi demokratis untuk rakyat Papua? Dan mendesak pemerintah untuk menarik TNI- Polri organik maupun non-organik sebagai syarat damai?
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