Puasa Ramadhan dan Komitmen Keberpihakan
Penulis: Fahri Fajar (Pegiat Front Nahdliyin Untuk Keadilan Sumber Daya Alam Makassar)
Makassar, Cakrawalaide.com- Puasa ramadhan adalah kewajiban Setiap Muslim baik laki-laki maupun perempuan, didalam puasa ramadhan seorang Muslim akan mendapatkan ganjaran pahala yang sangat besar dari Allah SWT sebagai hadiah dari keihlasan dan kesabarannya dalam menahan dahaga dan lapar selama satu bulan penuh.
Puasa tidak hanya menjadi sebuah ritus individu semata tetapi puasa berimplikasi pada kehidupan sosial masyarakat yang luas. Ditengah sistem ekonomi politik yang timpang, maka perlu kiranya kita melihat bagaimana puasa ramadhan bisa menjadi wadah dalam rangka keberpihakan kita kepada kaum yang dilemahkan.(Mustad’afin)
Keutamaan Puasa
Sebelum Hadirnya islam sebagai agama langit terkhir dimuka bumi, puasa sudah dilakukan oleh umat terdahulu sebelum islam, misalnya pada masa kaum Nabi Musa yang berpuasa pada 10 Muharam sebagai bentuk rasa syukur karena terhindar dari serangan Fir’aun. Tidak hanya kaum Nabi Musa, kaum Kristen di Arab pra islam juga berpuasa selama 50 hari namun dengan cara yang berbeda dengan puasa dalam Islam. Sehingga hal tersebut dijelaskan dalam Al-quran surat Al-Baqarah ayat 183: “Hai orang-orang yang beriman, diwajibkan atas kamu berpuasa sebagaimana telah di wajibkan atas orang-orang sebelum kamu agar kamu menjadi orang-orang yang bertakwa”.
Dalam puasa tidak hanya melatih kita menjadi orang yang bertakwa, takwa sendiri menurut Prof Quraish Shihab adalah terbebas dari keburukan dunia dan akhirat, itu keutamaan dari segi Agama. Dilain sisi puasa juga memilik banyak manfaat seperti manfaat kesehatan, semisal Ibnu Sina bapak kedokteran dunia mengatakan “puasa merupakan terapi yang efektif dan murah-meriah dalam menyembuhkan penyakit pasien-pasiennya”. Itu dari segi kesehatan. Tetapi bagaimana dengan implikasinya terhadap kehidupan sosial masyarakat?
Nilai Keadilan dalam Puasa
Setelah kita menemukan gambaran tentang manfaat puasa dari segi agama dan juga kesehatan, apakah puasa juga berimplikasi terhadap kehidupan sosial masyarakat?
Untuk menjawab itu, mari kita melihat kondisi masyarakat kita hari ini hususnya di Indonesia. Mayoritas masyarakat kita berada dalam kemiskinan. Dilansir dari Kompas.com, Lembaga Riset Institute for Demographic and Poverty Studies (IDEAS) memprediksikan tingkat kemiskinan Indonesia pada 2022 berpotensi melonjak menjadi 10,81 persen atau setara 29,3 juta penduduk.
Hal tersebut akan membuka mata kita bahwa ditengah meluasnya kemiskinan rakyat yang salah satu penyebabnya adalah dampak covid 19, penyebabnya juga karena adanya pemusatan ekonomi hanya kepada segelintir elit penguasa.
Disisi lain kekayaan mereka bertambah banyak ditengah keadaan yang semakin menghawatirkan. Hal Itu tidaklah mengherankan sebab para pemangku kekuasaan juga berprofesi sebagai pengelola dan penguasa SDA disektor pertambangan, mineral dan batubara. Adanya pemusatan kekayaan disegelintir elit oligarki itulah yang menjadi penyebab meluasnya kemiskinan. Mengutip perkataan seorang sahabat nabi yaitu Abuzar Algifari “kemiskinan mereka bukan takdir Tuhan dan bukan ketetapan nasib dari langit, penyebabnya adalah Kinz, Penimbunan Modal. (Baca Marx dan Muhammad SAW)
Puasa tidak hanya sekedar menahan lapar dan dahaga serta hawa nafsu belaka tetapi punya implikasi terhadap pembelaan dan keberpihakan terhadap kaum yang dilemahkan (Mustad’afin). Puasa memiliki implikasi solidaritas sosial yang sangat kuat, dengan berpuasa kita bisa merasakan bagaimana laparnya orang yang miskin, para buruh yang upahnya dibawah standar hidup layak atau petani yang dirampas ruang hidupnya sehingga mereka sulit untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan mereka.
Dalam konteks ini, puasa bertujuan untuk menuju kepada ketakwaan (derajat keimanan tertinggi). Untuk memperoleh derajat ketakwaan, maka umat islam penting menyelaraskan antara iman dan amal saleh agar tercipta adil dan keadilan (amal saleh).
Dalam proses puasa ramadhan keduanya haruslah dilakukan secara seimbang antara Iman dan amal saleh, sebab puasa ramadahan tidak akan bisa sempurna jika hanya iman semata tanpa adanya amal saleh. Hal itu dijelaskan lansung dalam Al-quran surat Al-Ashr ayat 2-3: “Sesungguhnya Manusia Berada dalam Kerugian. Kecuali orang-orang yang mengerjakan kebajikan dan amal saleh serta saling menasehati dalam kebenaran”. Dijelaskan pula dalam surah At-Tin ayat 6: “kecuali orang-orang yang beriman dan mengerjakan kebajikan; maka mereka akan mendapat pahala yang tidak ada putus-putusnya”.
Jadi bisa dikatakan bahwa keimanan seseorang dalam rangka menuju ketakwaan haruslah memenuhi syarat yaitu menyeimbangkan antara keimanan dan juga perbuatan amal saleh. Orang yang berpuasa dengan hanya menahan lapar dan dahaganya tetapi tidak berlaku baik atau berlaku tidak adil maka puasanya hanya sia-sia saja, sebab seseorang yang ingin mencapai derajat ketakwaan adalah orang-orang yang adil “Berlaku adillah karena itu lebih dekat kepada takwa.” (QS al- Maidah:5 )
Dalam sejarahnya Rasulullah SAW pernah melihat seorang majikan menghardik tetangganya, lalu Rasulullah menyuruh Majikan itu untuk makan, lalu ia menolak karena sedang berpuasa, lalu Rasulullah berkata bagaimana mungkin ia berpuasa sedangkan ia tidak adil dan berkata kasar. Itulah gambaran bagaimana puasa ramdhan menjadi salah satu sarana menjadikan manusia seorang insan laallakum tattaqun dan juga menjadikan manusia yang senantiasa berpihak kepada kebenaran dan keadilan apalagi kepada mereka yang dilemahkan.
Selain itu, puasa ramadhan juga bisa menjadi alternatif (pisau analisa) umat Islam dalam melihat pertentangan kelas masyarakat yang ada, dimana ada masyarakat yang mengalami kelaparan (miskin) dan ada yang serba berkecukupan (kaya) dengan limpahan makanan enak dan lezat dikala berbuka puasa.
Komitmen Keberpihakan
Puasa ramadhan dengan segala keistimewaannya bisa mematangkan komitmen kita untuk membela dan berpihak kepada yang dilemahkan seperti Firman Allah dalam Surat Annisa ayat 75: “Mengapa kamu tidak mau berperang di jalan Allah dan (membela) orang-orang yang lemah baik laki-laki, wanita-wanita maupun anak-anak yang semuanya berdoa: “Ya Tuhan kami, keluarkanlah kami dari negeri ini (Mekah) yang zalim penduduknya dan berilah kami pelindung dari sisi Engkau, dan berilah kami penolong dari sisi Engkau”. Dalam Tafsir Almisbah ayat tersebut menyiratkan semangat kaum muslim untuk tampil berjuang membela kebenaran yaitu membela mereka yang lemah.
Dalam konteks ini, bulan ramadhan menjadi wadah kita bersama untuk turut andil bersolidaritas dan mengorganisir diri bersama kaum mustad’afin yang hari ini tengah dieksploitasi habis-habisan oleh sistem ekonomi politik kapitalisme yang curang dan bengis. Perjuangan dan keberpihakan Rasulullah SAW juga pernah diperlihatkan Rasulullah dibulan ramadhan saat berjuang merebut kembali mekkah dari orang-orang zalim Quraish yang juga tercatat dalam sejarah Islam yang disebut Fathul Makkah atau pembebasan Makkah.
Wallahua a’lam
Redaktur: Nursyam Rahman
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