Terseret Ombak Kebijakan
Penulis: Laila Hidayati
Makassar, Cakrawalaide – Siang itu di bawah terik matahari ombak menyapu bibir pantai, angin berhembus menerpa guratan di wajah pria paruh baya yang sibuk merakit Jala Besar bersama beberapa nelayan pulau. Sesekali mereka tertawa saling melempar candaan, tawa anak-anak di seberang juga terdengar bersamaan dengan desiran ombak dan iringan merdu angin pantai.
Pukul 16.48 WITA adalah waktu senggang yang harus dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin, tak ayal ini adalah salah satu momen berkumpulnya ibu, ayah, dan anak karena selesai sholat subuh dengan suasana yang seharusnya masih melepas lelah, para nelayan mulai berangkat melaut . “Ini keramba, penampung ikan (Jala Besar). Biasanya kalau di pakai turun (mencari ikan) kadang 1 atau 3 minggu tidak dapat tapi tergantung rezekilah bahkan sampai 1 bulan tidak dapat kasian apalagi kalau musim barat,” ucap salah seorang nelayan yang sibuk menambal Jala Besarnya.
Pulau Barrang Caddi merupakan salah satu pulau di Kota Makassar, mempunyai destinasi wisata terkenal dengan keindahan alamnya yang memikat mata dengan mayoritas penduduk bekerja sebagai nelayan tradisional. Hingga saat ini, nelayan yang terdata berjumlah 321 orang, hidup mereka bergantung pada penghasilan tangkap ikan yang di uangkan untuk mememenuhi belanja konsumsi sehari-hari dan biaya pendidikan anak-anak.
Dibalik keindahan yang memikat mata, terselip cerita mulai dari jerat hutang piutang, pemadaman listrik, Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) yang menjadi penunjang perekonomian keluarga pulau. Untuk melaut, di butuhkan fasilitas alat-alat melaut maupun bensin agar aktivitas ekonomi berjalan dengan baik namun sayangnya modal yang di butuhkan melebihi persediaan modal awal keluarga pulau sehingga mau tak mau, pilihan terakhir pergi ke si pemilik modal untuk hutang perahu.
Mira LBH Makassar mengungkapkan Saat pengambilan perahu tergolong hutang pokok, oleh punggawa (juragan) menetapkan 10 hingga 20 juta, belum lagi hutang berjalan untuk modal melaut berupa bensin dan rokok nelayan.
“Bagaimana caranya membayar hutang? Yaitu dengan hasil tangkapan ikan, menariknya nelayan yang mengambil hutang di punggawa (juragan) mereka harus menjual hasil tangkapannya ke juragan untuk di potong sebagai pembayaran hutang. Harga sendiri juga di tentukan oleh punggawa (juragannya),” tegas Mira dengan tatapan sendu, di Pulau Barang Caddi, Jumat (16/09/2022).
Suara ombak bersahutan, teriakan anak-anak samar terdengar bersamaan dengan orator sebagai pemandu iringan “Nelayan Mengunggat” mengelilingi pemukiman keluarga pulau, “Hidup nelayan! Nelayan Barrang Caddi?” Teriak Furqan memandu anak-anak pulau untuk memanggil bapak & ibu bergabung ke titik aksi di Gusung, “Hidup, turunkan harga BBM!” Sahut anak-anak sembari mengangkat petaka yang bertuliskan, “Nelayan Menolak Kenaikan BBM”
Kenaikan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) berdampak besar pada aktivitas ekonomi keluarga pulau Barrang Caddi, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari, melunasi hutang piutang, aliran listrik yang hingga saat ini belum menemukan titik terang dari pemerintah daerah. Penduduk pulau masih menggunakan genset untuk aliran listrik. Ketergantungan pada mesin membuat pemukiman sebagian warga mendapat giliran pemadaman listrik dan biaya iuran listrik sesuai penggunaan di tiap-tiap rumah.
Salah satu masalah bergantung pada mesin, listrik padam hingga 3 bulan lamanya ketika mengalami kerusakan karena daya tampung yang cukup besar, ditambah lagi BBM naik biaya operasional mesin bertambah, para nelayan pulau harus lebih giat lagi melaut untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut, “Naik BBM, harga ikan turun, nda ada lagi harganya ikan kasian, harga bensin per liter naik kalau hari-hari begitu hutang lagi, tambah banyak hutang lagi” ucap salah seorang nelayan.
“Nelayan tidak melaut, harga BBM naik,” teriak salah seorang warga sembari memegang spanduknya bertuliskan “BBM naik tarif listrik ikut naik”. Kehadiran LBH Makassar, FPPI, dan mahasiswa agaknya menjadi awal semangat baru bagi keluarga pulau, mereka begitu antusias. Seorang bapak dengan guratan lelah di wajahnya, Sang Istri yang siap mendengar kejutan di saat suaminya berada di tengah-tengah laut untuk menjemput rezeki mulai dari terbitnya matahari hingga tawa riang keluarga yang terngiang dalam bayangnya menghentikan aktivas melaut.
Harapan keluarga pulau tak pupus, mereka begitu antusias menyuarakan penolakan kenaikan BBM yang mempengaruhi kerja-kerja perekonomian pulau Barrang Caddi. Muhlis, FPPI Makassar mengungkapkan, “Nelayan di pulau-pulau kecil jauh lebih terdampak di banding orang kota, kalau mau dipikir per tahun sebelum Jokowi menaikkan BBM, disini (pulau Barrang Caddi) harga pertalite mereka sudah menanggung lebih dari harga yang ada di kota.”
Di sudut lorong nampak seorang Ibu yang sibuk melayani pembeli sambil menyeka keringat dengan wajah lelah dan tangan yang dengan sigap memberikan bumbu-bumbu dapur kepada para pembeli, “BBM naik, apa yang mau di kata kalau sudah naik, tidak bisa juga kita orang kecil mau melawan mau ki apa? BLT juga tidak sebanding dengan kebutuhan keluarga,” ucap Ibu Sanoria.
“Kartu nelayan itu tidak ada mi, BLT juga tidak sebanding dengan ongkos, baru modal melaut itu besar tapi kalau tidak di ambil naik juga BBM,” sahut salah seorang pelaut. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, nelayan dengan kartu kepemilikan KUSUKA dan nelayan yang memiliki Asuransi belum ada sama sekali sementara pemerintah khususnya di pulau Barrang Caddi sudah mendata, menjanjikan kepada penduduk pulau untuk menyediakan kartu dan asuransi nelayan.
Muhlis FPPI menyampaikan, “Kartu KUSUKA dan Asuransi Nelayan itu penting karena nelayan adalah profesi yang sangat rentan kecelakaan, kartu KUSUKA sebagai syarat administrasi untuk mendapatkan Asuransi Nelayan bisa menjamin nelayan itu setidaknya kalau dia mengalami kecelakaan ada santunan, saya belum pernah dengar disini mendapatkan sesuai dengan nominal yang dijanjikan pemerintah, entah kemana sisanya,” tegasnya
Sore hari pukul 17.06 WITA, warga pulau mulai dari orang tua hingga anak-anak antusias mengikuti unjuk rasa penolakan kenaikan BBM dalam “Nelayan Makassar Menggugat”. Teriakan puisi menggema di udara bersamaan dengan desiran ombak dan alunan angin, “Kenaikan BBM dari penguasa negara, nelayan bisa apa? Ikan sulit dicari, rupiah menjadi asing bagi kami, kemiskinan menjadi teman sehari-hari, wahai nelayan, buruh dan petani rapatkan barisan tolak tirani!”
Muhlis FPPI Makassar kembali menuturkan data yang ia bersama kawan-lawannya dapatkan, “Nelayan di Sulawesi Selatan punya masalah besar juga yakni pengelolaan sumber daya tambang pasir, penghasilan nelayan semakin berkurang karena adanya tambang pasir berpengaruh ke wilayah operasionalnya nelayan, lokasi mata pencahariannya di gunakan,” tuturnya dengan nada kecewa.
Di sela-sela teriakan orator nampak seorang bapak duduk di atas perahu dengan senyum merekah di wajahnya ia menyampaikan keluhan dan harapannya kepada Presiden Jokowi, “Kenaikan BBM merugikan kita kasian, kalau bisa di turunkan, turunkan karena kodong (kasian) nelayan, itu biasanya kalau kami pergi subuh toh pulang jam 06 atau jam 07 pagi lagi, biasa dapat ikan biasa tidak apalagi naik BBM begini terbatas.”
Muhlis FPPPI kembali menyampaikan bahwa ia bersama teman-temanya mempunyai target jangka pendek, “Jangka pendek kita mulai dengan mendapatkan hak perlindungan asuransi menyangkut keselamatan, sambil lakukan SEKAWAN (Sekolah Perlawanan Pulau) yang menjadi peserta adalah masyarakat pulau kebanyakan ibu-ibu karena bapak-bapaknya sibuk melaut. Alhamdulillah mereka antusias.” Tutupnya dengan wajah tersenyum dan nada yang menyiratkan harapan besar di balik rencana jangka pendek yang ia tuturkan.
Redaktur: Sahrul Fahmi
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