21 Bentuk Kekerasan Seksual Yang Harus Kamu Ketahui
Penulis : Gayatri Resqi Wulandari Gani
Makassar, Cakrawalaide.com-Saat ini, kekerasaan seksual bukanlah hal yang asing lagi bagi kalangan masyarakat terkhususnya pelajar maupun di kalangan perguruan tinggi. Kekerasan seksual menjadi ancaman besar bagi siapa saja dan di mana saja.
Seringkali Kekerasan Seksual ini dilimpahkan pada si korban yang mengatakan masalah pada penampilanlah yang mengundang kekerasaan seksual ini, tapi pada nyatanya kekerasan seksual ini bisa terjadi pada siapa saja, meskipun telah menjaga atau menutup penampilannya.
Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual ini pun bisa saja merupakan orang terdekat misalnya teman,guru atau dosen, dan bahkan di kalangan keluarga seperti ayah, kakak, maupun paman.
Sepanjang tahun 2015-2020 Komnas Perempuan menerima 27% aduan kasus Kekerasan Seksual terjadi di perguruan tinggi dari keseluruhan pengaduan yang terjadi di lembaga pendidikan. Data ini diperkuat dengan temuan survey Mendikbud Ristek (2019) bahwa kampus menempati urutan ketiga lokasi terjadinya tindak Kekerasan Seksual (15%), setelah jalanan (33%) dan transportasi umum (19%). Untuk menghindari terjadinya kekerasan seksual di lingkungan perguruan tinggi maka kita harus ketahui pengertian dan bentuk-bentuk kekerasan seksual berdasarkan aturan.
Menurut Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia (Permendikbud) Nomor 30 Tahun 2021 tentang Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual di lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi, Pasal 1 ayat (1) menerangkan bahwa, kekerasan seksual adalah setiap perbuatan merendahkan, menghina, melecehkan, dan/atau menyerang tubuh, atau fungsi reproduksi seseorang, karena ketimpangan relasi kuasa dan atau gender, yang berakibat atau dapat berakibat penderitaan psikis atau fisik termasuk yang mengganggu kesehatan reproduksi seseorang dan hilang kesempatan melaksanakan pendidikan tinggi dengan aman dan optimal.
Kekerasan Seksual mencakup tindakan yang dilakukan secara verbal, nonfisik, fisik, atau melalui teknologi informasi dan komunikasi.
Adapun 21 bentuk kekerasan seksual menurut Permendikbud No 30 Tahun 2021 :
1. Menyampaikan ujaran yang mendiskriminasi atau melecehkan tampilan fisik, kondisi tubuh, dan atau identitas gender Korban.
2. Memperlihatkan alat kelaminnya dengan sengaja tanpa persetujuan Korban.
3. Menyampaikan ucapan yang memuat rayuan, lelucon, dan atau siulan yang bernuansa seksual pada Korban.
4. Menatap Korban dengan nuansa seksual dan atau tidak nyaman.
5. Mengirimkan pesan, lelucon, gambar, foto, audio, atau video bernuansa seksual kepada korban meskipun sudah dilarang korban.
6. Mengambil, merekam, atau mengedarkan foto, dan rekaman audio serta visual korban yang bernuansa seksual tanpa persetujuan korban.
7. Mengunggah foto, tubuh, atau informasi pribadi korban yang bernuansa seksual tanpa persetujuan korban.
8. Menyebarkan informasi terkait tubuh dan atau pribadi korban yang bernuansa seksual tanpa persetujuan korban.
9. Mengintip atau dengan sengaja melihat korban yang sedang melakukan kegiatan secara pribadi atau pada ruang yang bersifat pribadi.
10. Membujuk, menjanjikan, menawarkan sesuatu, atau mengancam Korban untuk melakukan transaksi atau kegiatan seksual yang tidak disetujui oleh korban.
11. Memberi hukuman atau sanksi yang bernuansa seksual.
12. Menyentuh, mengusap, meraba, memegang ,memeluk, mencium, dan atau menggosokkan bagian tubuhnya pada tubuh Korban tanpa persetujuan korban
13. Membuka pakaian korban tanpa persetujuan Korban
Memaksa korban untuk melakukan transaksi atau kegiatan seksual.
14. Mempraktekkan budaya komunitas Mahasiswa, Pendidik, dan tenaga kependidikan yang bernuansa kekerasan seksual.
15. Melakukan percobaan pemerkosaan, namun penetrasi tidak terjadi.
16. Melakukan perkosaan termasuk penetrasi dengan benda atau bagian tubuh selain alat kelamin.
17. Memaksa atau memperdayai korban untuk melakukan aborsi.
18. Memaksa atau memperdaya korban untuk hamil.
19. Membiarkan terjadinya kekerasan seksual dengan sengaja.
20. Memaksa atau memperdayai Korban untuk melakukan aborsi.
21. Melakukan perbuatan kekerasan seksual lainnya.
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