Pilkada Serentak, Arah Baru Menuju Demokrasi Substansial
Tanggal 27 Juni 2018 merupakan hari Pemilihan Umum (PEMILU) serentak untuk kepala daerah tahap kedua dalam sejarah perpolitikan di Indonesia. Pemilu kepala daerah serentak bukan sebagai perjalanan akhir menuju demokrasi substansial, melainkan arah baru. Pemilu kepala daerah serentak ditujukan untuk lebih menyederhanakan pelaksanaan pemilu kepala daerah dari segi waktu.
Bayangkan betapa hiruk-pikuknya pelaksanaan pemilu untuk kepala-kepala daerah saat ini, saat pemilu berlangsung di beberapa wilayah yang di ikuti 17 provinsi, 115 kabupaten dan 39 kota menurut data dari Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU), pemilu serentak secara tidak langsung akan memakan waktu lama. Apabila kita berhitung dengan asumsi ini maka akan memakan waktu yang cukup lama, sekitar 6 bulan mulai dari persiapan sampai pelantikan kepala-kepala daerah yang terpilih.
Belum kondisi ini ditambah dengan berapa hasil pemilu yang dipersengketakan di peradilan maupun yang menyebabkan terjadinya konflik horizontal dan kerusuhan diberbagai daerah. Hal itu memberikan sinyal betapa hiruk-pikuknya pemilu di Indonesia saat ini.
Bila betul, pemberitaan di media massa baik cetak maupun online, pemilu untuk kepala-kepala daerah sepertinya masih diwarnai dengan adanya mahar untuk partai politik yang begitu mahal guna menyewa partai politik. Belum lagi kegiatan kampanye yang melibatkan massa pendukung secara besar-besaran, serta serangan fajar saat mau pelaksanaan pemungutan suara, adanya orang-orang yang bermain untuk lelang suara dengan mengatasnamakan lembaga penyelenggara pemilu, untuk pembiayaan politik, penggunaan isu politik identitas, maraknya Black Campaign, maraknya politik dinasti, adanya perbuatan penyelewengan hasil perhitungan suara, serta politik pencitraan yang didukung media pers yang tidak netral. Permasalahan-permasalahan seperti inilah yang berimbas pada rendahnya kualitas hasil pemilihan umum khususnya dan kualitas sistem demokrasi pada umumnya, akibat dari indikasi kecurangan terjadi.
Lalu bagaimana mengatasi persoalan diatas? Untuk membangun sistem pemilihan umum yang demokratis, membuat regulasi yang melarang dan sekaligus memberikan sanksi yang tegas dan berat bagi partai yang meminta mahar, bagi calon dan tim sukses yang melakukan serangan fajar, melakukan Black Campaign, menggunakan isu politik identitas saat kampanye. Dan melakukan kerja sama untuk membeli hasil penghitungan suara, serta adanya media yang tidak netral.
Membuat regulasi untuk mengatur tentang pembatasan politik dinasti, pengaturan kampanye hanya lewat media, dan penghapusan kampanye yang melibatkan massa secara masif. Mengganti sistem pemungutan suara dari sistem pencoblosan suara melalui kertas suara menjadi sistem pemungutan suara melalui media elektronik yang sistemnya terintegrasi dari TPS sampai Lembaga Penanggung Jawab Pemilu secara nasional. Sehingga tidak ada terjadi penggelapan suara dan lelang suara oleh oknum-oknum yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Meningkatkan kualitas kesadaran politik kepada warga negara melalui pendidikan dan membangun kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Yang menjadi pertanyaan apakah demokrasi substansial hanya tecermin dari sistem pemilunya? Ternyata itu hanya sebagian kecil. Untuk proses menuju demokrasi substansial bukanlah jalan yang mudah, seperti membalikkan telapak tangan. Untuk menuju demokrasi yang baik menurut Larry Diamonds, terdapat persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi suatu negara yang menganut sistem demokrasi yaitu adanya kebebasan berserikat dan menyampaikan pikiran, akuntabilitas publik, transparansi, prinsip mayoritas, pemilu yang teratur. Persamaan kedudukan untuk semua warga negara, partisipasi yang terbuka untuk semua rakyat, tumbuhnya masyarakat sipil, siklus pergantian kepemimpinan yang teratur, penyelesaian konflik secara damai, serta menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai keagamaan serta perbedaan, peradilan yang bebas dan mandiri, dan adanya kebebasan pers.
Bila kita mengacu pada persyaratan demokrasi tersebut, berbagai pembenahan untuk menuju demokrasi substansial menjadi tanggung jawab semua pihak. Bangsa ini masih duduk dengan penyelesaian perbedaan yang cenderung dilakukan melalui ketegangan, kekerasan dan pelaksanan hukum yang belum memberikan keadilan dan kepastian, masyarakat sipil yang lebih berorientasi pada kemakmuran pribadi, dan pers yang belum menjalankan fungsi bebas yang bertanggung jawab.
Ayo bangsaku ! Ayo Pemimpinku ! Hentikan perebutan kekuasaan dengan tindakan terpuji. Mari mulai benahi diri dan berubahlah untuk menjadi manusia sejati, yang patuh pada hukum, norma dan etika beragama. Agar kita bisa menjadi bangsa demokratis yang berhati mulia dan bernurani.
Penulis : Karno
Red : Izhan Ide
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